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Melanoma remains one of the most aggressive and treatment-resistant cancers. Traditional chemotherapy agents, such as dacarbazine (DTIC), present serious dose-dependent toxicities and limited efficacy, calling for novel drug delivery strategies. A recent study published in Drug Delivery and Translational Research (2025) by Ashish Agrawal explores the potential of bovine milk extracellular vesicles for oral drug delivery in melanoma therapy.

In recent years, small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have attracted attention as natural nanocarriers for drug delivery due to their biocompatibility, cargo-carrying ability, and low immunogenicity. While mammalian cell-derived sEVs have been extensively studied, their low yield, high cost, and ethical concerns limit their scalability. Researchers in India, led by Kartik Kumar Sarwareddy and Venkata Sasidhar Manda from Apollo Hospitals Educational and Research Foundation, Hyderabad, have now demonstrated the remarkable potential of tomato-derived extracellular vesicles (TsEVs) as a sustainable, scalable alternative for cancer drug delivery.

In a recent study published in Biochemical Society Transactions, researchers explored multispecific nanobody technology. This breakthrough approach enhances targeted therapy by simultaneously allowing a single molecule to bind to multiple epitopes or antigens. Unlike traditional antibodies, multispecific nanobodies offer superior stability, specificity, and therapeutic potential in cancer and viral infections.